Lithium is a metallic element that has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. Let’s use the Octet Rule to draw a lithium atom. When one energy level is filled, you start filling the next one.The second and third energy levels can hold up to eight electrons (hence, “Octet”). The first energy level can hold up to two electrons.Each of the energy levels where electrons are found has a fixed capacity to hold electrons.“Octet” refers to eight electrons, as you’ll see below. But for the biology that you’ll learn in an introductory high school (or even college) course, the rules that follow will work. 1 1 When you learn about atoms in a chemistry class, you’ll learn a much more sophisticated and accurate model of electron arrangement. The Octet Ruleįor atoms with more than two protons and two electrons, a few rules need to be introduced to diagram them in a way that represents their chemical properties. Make sure you’ve clicked “show the answer” and studied the diagram above before proceeding. Note that the term “orbital,” used in the accompanying video, has a slightly more technical meaning, and we’ll be avoiding it here. Two electrons orbit outside the nucleus, in the first energy level (also called a “shell” or “orbit”). In helium, two protons and two neutrons are found in the nucleus. The arrow points to the first energy level. IEFOU1dFUg=Cg= Helium: 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons. After you’ve drawn it, click “show the answer” to see if you drew it correctly. See if you can extend what we’ve learned so far to draw a diagram of helium. Helium atoms have two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons. Helium is the second most common element in the universe.
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